Crystal structures of a ligand-free MthK gating ring: Insights into the ligand gating mechanism of [K.sup.+] channels

Article Abstract:

The crystal structures of the MthK gating ring in closed and partially open states at 2.8 Armstrong, both obtained from the same crystal grown in the absence of c[a.sup.2+] is presented. The biochemical and electrophysiological analyses demonstrate that MthK is regulated by both C[a.sup.2+] and pH, C[a.sup.2+] regulates the channel by changing the equilibrium of the gating ring between closed and open states, while pH regulates channel gating by affecting gating-ring stability.

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FoxOs at the crossroads of cellular Metabolism, differentiation, and transformation

Article Abstract:

Forkhead transcription factors of the FoxO subfamily such as differentiation, metabolism, proliferation, and survival are emerging as a shared component among pathways regulating diverse cellular functions. The transcriptional output of the FoxO is controlled via a two-tiered mechanism of phosphorylation and acetylation.

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Phy tunes: Phosphorylation status and phytochrome-mediated signaling

Article Abstract:

A type 5 protein phosphatase, PAPP5, which acts on a biologically active phytochrome, increasing its stability and affinity for a downstream signal transducer is studied. It is shown to enhance plant photoresponses.

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